[CSS]じっくりコードを勉強したくなる、ブラウザのスタイルをリセットするスタイルシート -Normalize CSS

サイト構築 -CSS

Post on:2011年6月2日

Normalize CSSの主な特徴

Normalize CSSは、他のリセット用スタイルシートとは一味違った特徴を備えています。

有用なデフォルトはそのまま

多くのリセット用スタイルシートは異なり、有用なデフォルトのスタイルは維持します。
スタイルの正常化

さまざまな種類のエレメントのスタイルを正常化します。
バグの修正

各ブラウザごとの異なるスタイルやバグを修正します。
ユーザビリティの改善

ほんのわずかな改良でユーザビリティを改善します。
コードの説明

各コードには詳細な説明があります。

Normalize CSSの対応ブラウザ

対応ブラウザは下記の通りです。

Chrome
Firefox 3+
Safari 4+
Opera 10+
Internet Explorer 6+

Normalize CSSのデモ

デモページでは、さまざまな要素がどのようにリセットされるかを確認できます。

スタイルをリセットしたデモページ

デモページはかなり長く、上記の見出しだけでなく、リスト、フォームなどたくさんあります。

Normalize CSSの使い方

Normalize CSSの使い方は簡単です。
そのまま使用してもよし、必要な箇所のみカスタマイズして使用してもよし、です。

Normalize CSSの中身は、下記のようになっています。

CSS: Normalize CSS

2011.6.1リリース版です。

/* =============================================================================
   HTML5 element display
   ========================================================================== */

/*
 * Add display for block-level HTML5 elements
 * Addresses display not defined in IE6/7/8/9 & FF3
 */

article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
nav,
section {
    display: block;
}

/*
 * Add display for embedded HTML5 elements
 * Addresses display not defined in IE6/7/8/9 & FF3
 */

audio[controls],
canvas,
video {
    display: inline-block;
    *display: inline;
    *zoom: 1;
}


/* =============================================================================
   Base
   ========================================================================== */

/*
 * 1. Add vertical scrollbar
 *    Keeps page centred in all browsers regardless of content height
 * 2. Remove Android and iOS tap highlight color to prevent entire container being highlighted
 *    www.yuiblog.com/blog/2010/10/01/quick-tip-customizing-the-mobile-safari-tap-highlight-color/
 * 3. Remove iOS text size adjust without disabling user zoom
 *    www.456bereastreet.com/archive/201012/controlling_text_size_in_safari_for_ios_without_disabling_user_zoom/
 */

html {
    overflow-y: scroll; /* 1 */
    -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0,0,0,0); /* 2 */
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 3 */
    -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

/*
 * 1. Define the base font-size (using % or em will retain text resizing in IE6/7)
 * 2. Define the base line-height.
 * 3. Remove margin
 */

body {
    font-size: 100%; /* 1 */
    line-height: normal; /* 2 */
    margin: 0; /* 3 */
}

/* 
 * Define base font-family
 * Addresses font-family inconsistency between <textarea> and other form elements.
 */

body,
input,
button, 
textarea,
select {
    font-family: sans-serif;
}

/*
 * 1. Remove border
 *    Improves readability when inside <a> element in all browsers
 * 2. Allow high quality bicubic image resampling
 *    Improves readability when scaled in IE7
 *    Read before using : code.flickr.com/blog/2008/11/12/on-ui-quality-the-little-things-client-side-image-resizing/
 */

img {
    border: 0; /* 1 */
    -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; /* 2 */
}


/* =============================================================================
   Links
   ========================================================================== */

a {
    color: #00e;
}

a:visited {
    color: #551a8b;
}

/*
 * Define outline as thin dotted
 * Addresses outline displayed oddly in Chrome
 */

a:focus {
    outline: thin dotted;
}

/*
 * Remove outline
 * Improves readability when focused and also mouse hovered in all browsers
 * people.opera.com/patrickl/experiments/keyboard/test
 */

a:hover,
a:active {
    outline: 0;
}


/* =============================================================================
   Typography
   ========================================================================== */

/*
 * Add bottom border
 * Fixes styling not present in IE7/8/9 S5 Chrome
 */

abbr[title] {
    border-bottom: 1px dotted;
}

/*
 * Add bold font weight
 * Fixes style set to 'bolder' in FF3/4 S4/5 Chrome
*/

b, 
strong { 
    font-weight: bold; 
}

blockquote {
    margin: 1em 40px;
}

/*
 * Add italic font style
 * Fixes styling not present in S5 Chrome
 */

dfn {
    font-style: italic;
}

/*
 * Add yellow background and black text
 * Fixes styling not present in IE6/7/8/9
 */

mark {
    background: #ff0;
    color: #000;
}

/*
 * Redeclare monospace font family
 * en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Davidgothberg/Test59
 * 1. Fixes font family set oddly in S5 Chrome
 * 2. Fixes monospace font family set oddly in IE6
 */

pre,
code,
kbd,
samp {
    font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */
    _font-family: 'courier new', monospace; /* 2 */
    font-size: 1em;
}

/*
 * Add line wrapping
 * Improves readability of pre-formatted text in all browsers
 */

pre {
    white-space: pre;
    white-space: pre-wrap;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}

/*
 * Remove quotes
 * 1. Addresses CSS quotes not supported in IE6/7
 * 2. Addresses quote property not supported in S4
 */

/* 1 */

q {
    quotes: none;
}

/* 2 */

q:before,
q:after {
    content: '';
    content: none;
}

/*
 * Define font-size
 */

small {
    font-size: 75%;
}

/*
 * Position subscript and superscript content without affecting line-height
 * Fixes alignment within multi-line text displayed oddly in all browsers
 * gist.github.com/413930
 */

sub,
sup {
    font-size: 75%;
    line-height: 0;
    position: relative;
    vertical-align: baseline;
}

sup {
    top: -0.5em;
}

sub {
    bottom: -0.25em;
}


/* =============================================================================
   Lists
   ========================================================================== */

ul,
ol {
    margin: 1em 0;
    padding: 0 0 0 40px;
}

dd {
    margin: 0 0 0 40px;
}

nav ul,
nav ol {
    list-style: none;
}


/* =============================================================================
   Figures
   ========================================================================== */

/*
 * Remove margin
 * Addresses margin not present in IE6/7/8/9, S5, O11
 */

figure {
    margin: 0;
}


/* =============================================================================
   Forms
   ========================================================================== */

/*
 * Remove margin
 * Fixes styling in IE6/7
 */

form {
    margin: 0;
}

/*
 * Define consistent margin and padding
 */

fieldset {
    margin: 0 2px;
    padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}

/*
 * Add negative left margin
 * Fixes alignment displayed oddly in IE6/7
 */

legend {
    *margin-left: -7px;
}

/*
 * 1. Define font-size as equal to ancestor's
 * 2. Remove margin
 *    Fixes different margins set in FF3/4 S5 Chrome
 * 3. Define consistent vertical alignment display in all browsers
 */

button,
input,
select,
textarea {
    font-size: 100%; /* 1 */
    margin: 0; /* 2 */
    vertical-align: baseline; /* 3 */
    *vertical-align: middle; /* 3 */
}

/*
 * 1. Define line-height as normal
 *    Addresses FF3/4 setting it using !important in the UA stylesheet
 * 2. Make overflow visible
 *    Fixes spacing displayed oddly in IE6/7
 */

button,
input {
    line-height: normal; /* 1 */
    *overflow: visible;  /* 2 */
}

/*
 * 1. Display hand cursor for clickable form elements
 *    Improves usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type <input> and others
 * 2. Define appearance for clickable form elements
 *    Fixes inability to style clickable <input> types in iOS
 */

button,
input[type="button"], 
input[type="reset"], 
input[type="submit"] {
    cursor: pointer; /* 1 */
    -webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */
}

/*
 * Define box sizing
 * Addresses box sizing set to content-box in IE8/9
 */

input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

/*
 * Define box sizing and appearance
 * Addresses box sizing set to border-box in S5 Chrome (include -moz to future-proof)
 * Addresses appearance set to searchfield in S5 Chrome
 */

input[type="search"] {
    -webkit-appearance: textfield;
    -moz-box-sizing: content-box;
    -webkit-box-sizing: content-box;
    box-sizing: content-box;
}

/*
 * Remove WebKit search decoration
 * Addresses inner padding displaying oddly in S5 Chrome on OSX
 */

input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
    -webkit-appearance: none;
}

/*
 * Remove inner padding and border 
 * Fixes appearance displayed oddly in FF3/4
 * www.sitepen.com/blog/2008/05/14/the-devils-in-the-details-fixing-dojos-toolbar-buttons/
 */

button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
    border: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

/*
 * 1. Remove default vertical scrollbar
 *    Fixes scrollbar displayed oddly in IE6/7/8/9
 * 2. Add top vertical alignment
 *    Improves readability and aligment in all browsers
 */

textarea {
    overflow: auto; /* 1 */
    vertical-align: top; /* 2 */
}


/* =============================================================================
   Tables
   ========================================================================== */

/* 
 * Remove most spacing between table cells
 * Consistent vertical and horizontal alignment in all browsers
 */

table {
    border-collapse: collapse;
    border-spacing: 0;
}

th,
td {
    padding: 0;
    text-align: left;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

[ad#ad-2]